How to Write Japanese Haiku Poems

Haiku poems are more than just 17 syllables in three lines of 5-7-5 syllabication. Many styles of Japanese poetry rely on syllable count to establish poem structure, similar to the Greek iambic or "feet" (or meter) poems. Notable are the iambic pentameter poems, composed of five lines with ten syllables each. Haiku and senryu are structured on "mora" or "on" which are similar to syllables, but not an exact correlation. "On" in Haiku and Senryu is similar to iambic feet, which are patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables. Thus haiku are cadence (rhythm) poems vs. rhyme poems, but the similarity of western poetry ends there. Use this guide to teach haiku writing or to write your own. 


Haiku are essentially nature poems and rather aesthetic. Haiku contain kireji (cutting word) and kigo (seasonal word). A true haiku contains a mood or tone shift and the kireji is the cut-off between moods. Kireji words shift the tone. As haiku is a Japanese form of poetry, the words don't translate absolutely, nor even sometimes partially to other languages. In haiku written in English for example to cutting word will depend upon the original thought expressed in the poem. Kigo would be any word referring to season or nature, often a specific plant or animal.

In Miyoshi's haiku

In storm-tossed grassland,
one leaf, one praying mantis,
tremble together.'

we see and feel the shift. Normally leaf is eaten by praying mantis. In a storm they are united against the wind, one clinging to the other for support, no longer predator and prey. Without a knowledge of Japanese, I can only guess at the kireji, but I'm thinking that it would be 'together'. The kigo are the leaf, mantis and possibly even storm. The tone doesn't come full circle and it may not be a diametric opposite, as with the praying mantis and leaf, but there is a shift in focus. Here's another well-known Haiku

Red dragonfly on
my shoulder calls me his friend.
 Autumn has arrived'

The shift here is from summer to fall. And haiku like so many aspects of Japanese life, focuses on the simple contemplation of one idea. Japanese art, floral arrangement, gardens, architecture and food reflect simplicity and purity. Haiku distill a multitude of words and thoughts into one essential verse.

When writing haiku, focus on nature and especially seasonal topics. Work that shift into the poem. To explore senryu, please see my article, Haiku vs. Senryu: Nature vs. Nurture

Sister Michael and the Prayer of the Damned

Another vignette of paranormal prose, the tingle you to your toes. "Remind me why I wanted to go to SMGC?"' Monika wondered aloud as she lugged six industrial strength textbooks and her laptop out of the BKT (Bl. Kateri Tekakwitha) Library on All Hallow's Eve. The university was lovely, old and very secluded. Way off the beaten track in the middle of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, which was all off the beaten track to start with.

''Remind me why I wanted to go to SMGC again?', Monika wondered aloud as she lugged six industrial size textbooks, assorted notes and files and her laptop out of the BKTL (Bl. Kateri Tekakwitha Library) on All Hallows Eve. The university was lovely, old and very secluded. Way off the beaten track in the middle of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, which was all off the beaten track already, halfway between Forgotten Town and Middle of Nowhereville. 

The BKTL smelled of wood, lemon Pledge and generations of academia. The early Victorian buildings with their lower level of beautiful windows and glass-work, so reflective on the nearby lake, were built shortly after the Civil War, by the Sisters of Mercy, some of whom, it was rumored, still haunted the place. In a kindly, nun-ish way. Well, if you were stuck out in those deep back dune woods, you would have nothing better to do either. 

St. Maria Goretti College was a private, all girls school renown for its highly accredited courses in the  Turkic, Slavic, Cyrillic and (believe it or not) Hindi languages. Which Monika would need for her calling to work in missions schools in India. An Irish American teaching Indian languages to Indians, whatever will they think of next, she laughed to herself. Well, teaching children in their native tongue, that is. She was sure she'd be learning a lot more than she would be teaching.  

Monika Mary Dalaigh was every bit as Scots-Irish as her name. What a combination! Oh did people make with the hot-head-redhead Gaelic temper jokes. Oldest girl of a Catholic family of nine, Monika had known at three that she was going to become a nun and go to Calcutta to help the Untouchables like Blessed Mother Theresa. Four years at SMGC was the first step on that road.

When it came to looks, Monika's sisters Faustina Rose of Lima (yes they named her the full thing, poor kid. Like Rose 'a Sharn in Grapes of Wrath, but anyway) and Philomena Bernadette (try putting that on a driver's license) got most of what was dished out. Their dark auburn curls fell in the Byronic soft tendrils. Unlike Monika's tresses which tended toward Titian, frizzy and Pre-Raphaelite dead girl in a boat. But no matter once she took  the veil. 

And looks aside, in the corpus mensa and common sense department, Monika Mary was fully stocked. Six older brothers had removed any shyness, squeamishness or girliness. Two pretty, petted younger sisters had removed any illusions of being the baby. And who'd want it anyway when there was so much world to conquer? 

As was her wont, Monika Mary in her third year at St. Maria Goretti, was still closing down the library at night, even on a holy day. Mass had been said by Father Marc at 6pm. After dinner and compline, most of the girls, even the younger ones who should be studying, were curled up in bed or watching TV in the common room which had the only television on campus. 

Times had changed around the world, but not much had changed at SMGC. Monika was surprised that elderly librarian, Sr. Michael had agreed to keep the BKT open until 10pm. Apparently she understood about time waiting for no one, not even on All Saints. Sister was locking offices, gathering her belongings and Monika was leaving.

"Goodnight, dear. Why don't you wait and I'll walk you back to your dormitory?' the fully habited nun asked.

"I'll be fine, Sister. Really, though I appreciate the offer." Monika smiled and patted Sr. Michael's fragile, ancient, liver spotted hand.

The air was biting cold and smelt of the eastern hemlock so prevalent in old growth Michigan forests. Monika thought she just might be able to smell Lake Superior to the north. The tree frogs and crickets were giving a concert on the still autumn evening. The mist was just beginning to form off the little lake, and as the moon rose, the mirrored windows of the BKT Library came into view. It made everything look carved in bas relief, like Keats' "Grecian Urn." Monika was just mentally composing a poem about the view when suddenly...

"Don't scream!' a voice growled in her ear. Monika almost choked, more at being startled than in fear as the clammy hand clamped over her mouth. The smell of cheap liquor and sweat and the intense pressure of a body pressed very close shocked Monika out of Bodleian musings. She bridled at the hand irritably but had the presence of mind not to struggle too much. 

She could hear cursing and scuffling and got a glimpse of several NU sweatshirts, students from the nearby university, she assessed, out drunk on Halloween and looking for whatever passed for fun in that state of mind. The hand came away and the other arm and body did not. Oh, we're in for a long night, Monika thought. 

Sweaty Palms said "We came here to see the ghost nuns, but this is even better! You're not bad, for a neo-nun! I'll show you what's under my robe if you show me what's under yours!" Monika could feel her arm bending painfully far back. And a very nasty sensation of hands groping around her jacket. The group began to laugh and make noises doing God only knows what, Monika thought. 

And tailgating that thought came the sickening realization that one very senior nun was coming down the path after her and five or so young girls and another equally old nun were snuggled on couches in the common room watching an old movie, totally unprotected. It wasn't anger or fear she felt, just a very clear quiet settling of the mind down to basics of survival. 

Prayer was something Monika was finding increasingly less time for. SMGC had a policy that each student must spend an hour each day in adoration in front of the Blessed Sacrament. Truth be told, Monika often spent her hour studying or in slumber. But like atheists in foxholes, Monika found herself praying and praying hard. "'St Michael the Archangel, defend us in battle. Be our protection against the wickedness and snares of the devil...'

"Yeah, baby, you pray, cause I'm the devil and I've got a pitchfork for you!" Too intent on concentrating her energy on vigilance, Monika bit down the angry comments she was thinking. Which was probably for the best. Keeping quiet and biddable were not her strong suits. More groping ensued and what sounded like a belt unbuckling and zipping pants. Oh, God, please, not this not now. But if it keeps their minds off the others, well, help me just get through it. 

Suddenly, an eerie yellow-green glow appeared wobbly against the sky but growing larger. The sounds of drunken laughter zipped to a silence like a record player needle dragged across a record. In fact everything was weirdly silent, except for thin strange almost demonic sounds of incantation.  It was absolutely terrifying. 

Walking in front of the glow was what appeared to be an army of grim reapers, all about fifteen feet tall, holding scythes. Small points of brightly colored lights darted around like tiny flames which seemed to crackle and sizzle. It was as if the demons were shooting at them with the fires of hell. Joining the incantation were mutated grunts and unintelligible moans issuing from the group of specters. Everyone, including Monika stood paralyzed. Nearer, louder and brighter came the phantom brigade. If this is what hell is like, the movies don't do it justice, Monika thought. 

In less time than it takes to zip up a zipper, Monika's captors had hightailed into the night. Their shrieks of terror lingering on the mist. It would have been funny if it wasn't so frightening. And Monika was left to face the demon horde alone. Now was when Monika was most glad she'd inherited the Irish practicality instead of the auburn locks. Because as bizarre as this whole scene appeared, she knew without a doubt that it had a rational, non-spook movie explanation. And it did. 

From amid the shadows, a loud but very human voice boomed out "Oh, Hello Monika, dear, are you still out?" And a very corporeal elderly nun approached Monika. Sister Michael closed her Latin prayer breviary and placed her jeweled rosary which she had been praying, inside her scrip. She snapped off the old Sony Walkman with which she'd been praying along with the recorded Latin prayers. 

"Oh dear, I'm still wearing this silly cordless microphone from lecture today. I must bumped it and turned it on. I'll never figure out how to use it properly. No wonder there was such a racket as I was praying. I thought it was racoons!  Would you mind holding this while I turn it off? Sister Benedict needs a sickle for play rehearsal, but this staff from the St. Patrick's procession is the best I could find. I hope it looks close enough to the real thing. By the way, what do you think of the new outdoor burglar lights for the library. I really don't think they are quite bright enough, do you? Though I don't suppose we'll ever need them. This is such a peaceful little wood." 

After what seemed like about three hours, Monika breathed and on the great exhale, laughed aloud. "Believe me Sister, the staff makes a very convincing sickle. And I think the lights are just right. I think they'll scare off any burglars that might be around!" 

*Monika never told anyone about that night. However a closeted meeting with the NU dean, yielded a most interesting story. Evidentially he was concerned for the SMGU staff and students about reports of ghostly goings-on at All Saints. And Monika felt obliged to allay his fears with an account of what happened. The howls of laughter from the Dean could be heard across campus. He was still laughing as he drove away. After extracting a promise from the sisters that they all would attend complimentary Jujitsu classes at NU, just to be safe. 

Ice Cream Dreams and Michigan Memories

Here's an example of personal memoirs writing. Use this for an example of nostalgia or local history writing.

Ice cream has spelled summer since the Chinese invented it 3,000 years ago. It was primarily for nobility and the upper class until 1776, when the first public ice cream parlor opened in New York City. Ice cream went portable when edible coronets, or cones, made from waffles were introduced at the St. Louis World's Fair. My grandmother remembered buying ice cream squares wrapped in paper, from street vendors in Grand Rapids, Mich. When I was a kid, the Good Humor man still sold frozen novelties, accompanied by a cheerful tune. 

I grew up in Grand Rapids and Muskegon, Mich., in 1960s and 1970s. Dairy Queen, Tastee-Freez and other seasonal, walk-up ice cream stands ruled the street. My dad was the Rootbeer Float King; few summer evenings went by without a trip to the ice cream stand for this seasonal favorite.

Back in the day, ice cream was a quarter a scoop. Miss Lisa's near the U.S.31 on-ramp in Ferrysburg, Mich., has new ownership. Gone are the days of that $.25 ice cream cone of Hudsonville Ice Cream, the best in the world. Hudsonville invented Mackinaw Island Fudge and Moose Tracks flavors. I miss sitting on the swing sharing an ice cream and watching the children play on the climber. This was Tao of summer 

 
Two chain ice cream establishments, were Michigan favorites. House of Flavors featured the Pig's Dinner (five kinds of ice cream) and gave out yellow and blue "I Made a Pig of Myself at House of Flavors" buttons if you ate it all. Baskin-Robbins featured the famous 31 Flavors. Of the many House of Flavors locations, only two still exist in Ludington and Manistee, Mich. I just found out last summer that the Manistee location was torn down. 

In the early-1970s Michigan tried recreating the Gay Nineties ice-cream parlors. In Muskegon, there was the High Wheeler. In Grand Rapids, folks loved Farrell's Ice Cream, with its Dixieland feel. The Farrell's brass band, with bass drum and Barbershop Quartet, would play and sing "Happy Birthday" to guests.

Soda fountains were also popular. The soda fountain was a counter, set up in drug stores. If I was good while shopping Grandma got me an ice cream from Dean's (later Strayer's) Pharmacy on Broadway in Muskegon. A block away from my house in Grand Haven, was Pfaff's Pharmacy. Their 1950s style fountain still had spinning red-topped stools and uses the old stainless steel ice cream mixers, freezers and utensils. These were made a few blocks away at the long-defunct Bastian-Blessing.

For the longest time,  Pfaff still served phosphates, sundaes, triple-scoop cones, floats, malteds, sodas and Lime and Cherry Cokes (not the canned kind, these are made from fruit syrup). A chocolate malt from Pfaff's was ambrosia of the gods. My kids would blow their paper route money on penny candy from the Pfaff's candy counter. Then it closed and now it's something else. 

You can't get ice cream cone for under $4 anymore. But times change and prices with it. The newspaper the kids carried is pretty much done. The kids moved on and have families of their own. But we all still enjoy a walk on the boardwalk and an ice cream of a summer evening. I hope that never goes away. 

Sample Commentary for Current Events Essay Writing


Looking for guidance on essay writing? In an essay, the writer takes a stand on an issue and backs it up with fact. The essay should employ literary devices and some elements of creativity--it shouldn't just be dry fact. It's similar to creative non-fiction in that fact is written about creatively.

Essays are similar to commentaries (also called editorial or op-ed), in which the writer comments, from his own opinion and experience, on trending news stories. Typically, other stories or facts are employed to back up the author's contention. Writers need to be careful not to write too much fact with essays/commentaries. The piece is then an analysis. Essays should clearly reflect the writer's opinion. Here's an example from a piece I wrote for Yahoo!

--Oh, what a tangled web we weave when first we practice to censor. Take the matter of online photo sharing--there's sometimes a fine line between offensive content and freedom of speech (or share). Who's to say what constitutes offensive material. There's no one-size-fits-all model  that works for every situation.

Like a fly, Facebook keeps getting tangled in the censorship web. Time and again, photos are banned that shouldn't be. Case in point are the images from a breast cancer survivor which Facebook deemed obscene. Read more at...Facebook's Odd Photo Bans Highlight Censorship Dilemmas 

How to Write a Nostalgic Tribute, Experience Memoir

Nostalgic tributes or memorials are my terms for writings that describe feelings in retrospect. Nostalgic tributes are similar to memoirs except that they focus on how the individual was impacted by a larger experience in history. Here's an example I wrote from a the Vietnam War as it impacted me as a child.

On June 8, 1972, I was your average 7-year-old, happy to be out of school and looking forward to summer vacation. Soldiers were fighting in a place called "Vietnam" but that was far away and didn't really affect me in my happy little beach town of Muskegon, Mich.
Over meatloaf and mashed potatoes, we watched news reels on television. As callous as only a child can be, I got used to seeing the graphic images. In fact, it used to annoy me when war updates interrupted "Tom and Jerry."  Read more at Photo of Girl in Vietnam Napalm Bombing Brings Back Memories

Free Poetry Writing Guide: How to Write Free Verse Poetry

 Poetry gives voice to the soul. Writing poetry is like singing;it should flow from the spirit, as a lament, a rhapsody or an aria. Unlike tangible things poetry is not so easy to dissect, critique or explain. There are some devices that poets employ to create poems. Having created some poetry myself and taught courses in poetry in creative writing, I'll try to distill the essence of poetry in this guideline. Poetry Writing Guide: How to Write Free Verse Poetry 

Writer Vulnerability

I feel very vulnerable posting my poems online. I'm like an actor feeling stage fright. What if my little verse does a belly flop? What if it's not enjoyed? What if it's not even read? So it was with great joy (and humbled appreciation) that I noted that two of my most recent pieces have been viewed 50 times...each! Thank you, readers, whoever you are. I know that if I'm going to survive this world of publishing, particularly in the tenuous area of poetry, I'm going to have to grow some thicker skin. But until then, (if I ever even do) the knowledge that people are reading was a real pick-me-up for this thin-skinned gal. Be well. Do good work. Love, mar

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